Register of sources

Notes: source grading and citation rules

The register lists the official documents, public pages and industry research that the IUL Academy has cited or checked. For each it records the publisher, title, date, link, the pages that use it and its verification status. The dates of access and recheck are 22 October 2026; where a page itself carries no date, the date of access is given. This site cites no internal material, commissions or channel terms of any insurer or distributor. Parameters on product pages are used only to illustrate mechanisms and types of contract term, and are not recommendations or rankings.

1. Singapore regulation, industry and consumer education

The authoritative sources for Singapore rules are MAS and MoneySense, the LIA's illustration guidelines and consumer guides, and the SDIC's Policy Owners' Protection Scheme pages. The 2024 edition of the LIA guidelines (MU 22/24) supersedes the 2018 edition (MU 22/18); the text of §2.14 to §2.18 that this site compared is the same in both. The 2024 edition also sets an A% ceiling on the higher scenario for SGD policies, whose value and appendix are in an annex to the 2024 edition. This site was unable to read that annex this time, so the text quotes no figure; the LIA's current edition prevails.

2. Insurers' public materials

Singapore insurers' websites, press releases and education pages. Each page carries an "information as at" date. The parameters are non-guaranteed and adjustable, and are used only to illustrate the types of IUL term (point-to-point, a 0% floor, the conditions of a no-lapse guarantee, cap rates and participation rates and so on). They are not product recommendations or rankings.

3. Index providers

The public descriptions from index sponsors are used to explain volatility control, return bases, and the difference between back-tested and live data. Index providers are not responsible for policies. When this site rechecked, the index pages, methodology documents and performance reports on the S&P Dow Jones Indices website all returned HTTP 403, so the originals could not be read directly. The description of that index's mechanism in the text therefore relies on how Great Eastern's indices page relays it, and the live date relies on a disclosure in the Great Eastern brochure that names S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC as the source. Readers checking an index should rely on the index provider's latest methodology document and disclaimer, and bear in mind that more than one version with a different return basis (such as excess return or total return) may exist under the same index name. Which version an insurer uses is as stated in the product summary.

4. Overseas regulation and industry research

The US NAIC guideline, the SOA study, SEC investor education and the Hong Kong IA and HKMA premium-financing documents are used for comparison only, to explain mechanisms and how other jurisdictions approach regulation. They do not imply that Singapore products are bound by them.

5. Tax and reporting

IRAS pages and regulations, and provisions of US tax law. Singapore tax statements give only the sense of the IRAS page and state the region to which they apply; US §7702 and §7702A are US federal tax rules. For questions of tax residency, CRS and cross-border reporting, obtain professional advice where you are tax resident.

6. Market data

Statistics and replies from an industry association and a regulator, used for background and not to infer IUL sales in Singapore. Each of the three data points has its own boundary of definition. The LIA's quarterly statistics classify business as participating, non-participating and investment-linked, and do not show indexed universal life separately. LIMRA's share is on a new annualised premium basis in the US market and cannot be carried over to Singapore. MAS's reply on single family offices describes only the environment for high-net-worth money in Singapore and has nothing to do with sales of any insurance product. Where the text cites these figures it states the date and the basis, and readers should not use them to infer how popular or suitable any product is.

7. Items to be verified and items with restricted access

For the following items the original could not be obtained this time or a conflict exists, and the text does not cite their figures as fact:

1. The original thresholds for net financial assets and income for an accredited investor (SFA section 4A): Singapore Statutes Online was access restricted this time. The text gives only the net personal assets threshold in the MAS FAQ and the cap on counting the primary residence, and says of the rest that the current text of SFA section 4A prevails.
2. The value and appendix number of the A% ceiling on the higher scenario for SGD policies in LIA MU 22/24: the 2024 ZIP annex could not be read this time, and the text quotes no figure. The 2018 edition §2.16 reads "For Singapore dollar policies, the higher rate(s) must not exceed A%", and the value is as in the LIA's current appendix.
3. The LIA's ILP illustration enhancements document (8% upper rate, 4% lower rate and a third column at 0%) states no effective date and is used only as an ILP comparison.
4. Whether MAS Notice FAA-N16 covers IUL, and whether the customer knowledge assessment (CKA) applies, must be determined from the text of the Notice.
5. No rule was found in public materials that limits Singapore IUL products uniformly to accredited investors. Whether an individual product is restricted is as stated in that product's documents.
6. The fixed account rate and loyalty crediting rate in the Great Eastern brochure, the conflict between the original text and the date of the Manulife press release, and the Manulife product timeline are all to be verified against the originals and are not cited in the text.
7. The index pages, methodology documents and performance reports of S&P Dow Jones Indices, the SEC Investor.gov bulletin and the Hong Kong IA press release were access restricted at this recheck. The mechanism of the S&P 500 Engle 6% VT TCA is described from how the Great Eastern indices page and brochure relay it, and its return-basis version (excess return or total return) and its futures underlying are not verified against the original, so the text makes no assertion.
8. The Sun Life Private Wealth Singapore product brochure was access restricted this time (HTTP 403), and the text no longer cites its scenarios or parameter figures.
9. The claim that 1997 was the year IUL originated has only secondary sources and is not used in the text.
10. The original text of section 57 of the Insurance Act on insurable interest, of the Insurance (Nomination of Beneficiaries) Regulations, and of the statutory provisions on the free-look period was access restricted this time.

Readers who need the data in a particular product document checked can register an enquiry through the contact details on this site.